Restless leg syndrome typically occurs while sitting or lying down. It generally worsens with age and can disrupt sleep.The main symptom is a nearly irresistible urge to move the legs.Getting up and moving around helps the unpleasant feeling temporarily go away. Self-care steps, lifestyle changes, or medications may help.RLS affects approximately 2.5% of adults in the United States and Northern Europe. Among adult patients RLS features “higher prevalence in women and with increasing age. RLS “is a movement disorder characterized by an urge to move the legs or arms, commonly in response to uncomfortable dysesthesia.” RLS is classified as primary or secondary in origin, with secondary RLS attributed to comorbid iron deficiency, end-stage renal disease or ESRD and pregnancy.
Augmentation is a major side effect related to long-term RLS treatment with dopaminergic medication and consists of iatrogenic worsening of RLS symptoms.
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1. In the United States and Northern Europe, restless legs syndrome (RLS) affects approximately _____ of adults.
A. 2.5% B. 15.5% C. 30.5% D. All of the above
2. Frequency of RLS is greater in __________ and __________ patients.
A. Men; older B. Men; younger C. Women; older D. Women; younger
3. True or False. Patients with RLS find that urges for limb movement are typically spontaneous, not initiated by an external stimulus.
A. True B. False
4. Secondary RLS may be attributed to which of the following clinical conditions?
A. End-stage renal disease B. Iron deficiency C. Pregnancy D. Any of the above
5. True or False. Long-term treatment of RLS with dopaminergic medication may result in augmentation consisting of iatrogenic worsening of symptoms.
A. True B. False
Answer Key:
1. A. 2.5% - According to data cited in Neurology, “[c]linically important RLS affects approximately 2.5% of adults in the United States and Northern Europe.”
2. C. Women; older- According to information cited in Neurology, among adult patients RLS features “higher prevalence in women and with increasing age.”
3. B. False - According to information cited in Neurology, RLS “is a movement disorder characterized by an urge to move the legs or arms, commonly in response to uncomfortable dysesthesia.”
4. D. Any of the above - According to information cited in Neurology, “RLS is classified as primary or secondary in origin, with secondary RLS attributed to comorbid iron deficiency, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), or pregnancy.”
5. A. True - According to information cited in Neurology, “[a]ugmentation is a major side effect related to long-term RLS treatment with dopaminergic medication and consists of iatrogenic worsening of RLS symptoms.”
For complete information, see:
Winkelman JW, Armstrong MJ, Allen RP, et al. Practice guideline summary: treatment of restless legs syndrome in adults, report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. [Published online ahead of print November 16, 2016]. Neurology. 2016;87:1-9.
Isadora Guggenheim, ND, FNP, RN, MS, CNS, LMT, owner of Second Nature Naturopathic Care, LLC
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