2. Research focused on endocrine disrupting chemicals [EDCs] and endometriosis has largely centered on persistent chemicals. Which of the following chemical categories is NOT considered a persistent chemical?
3. Endocrine disrupting chemicals are able to:
5. True or False. Significant evidence is available to support a risk association between bisphenol A or polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and endometriosis.
Ozone and Prolozone Therapies
We offer the most advanced Ozone therapies and Prolozone treatments for endometriosis. We combine the pelvic injections with I.V. ozone to eliminate chronic infections that cause pelvic pain. All therapies are MD ordered in NYS.
Answer Key:
1. A. True - According to a review article published in Fertility and Sterility, “[a]lthough the exact timing of onset and rate of progression of endometriosis are unknown, some researchers suggest that it may have a developmental or in utero origin. Evidence in support of a developmental origin for endometriosis stems from three bodies of observational evidence: müllerianosis, detection in fetuses, and lean body habitus up to the timing of diagnosis.”
2 C. Bispenl A - According to a review article published in Fertility and Sterility, “[t]o date, the research focusing on EDCs and endometriosis is largely focused on persistent chemicals, including dioxin-like compounds, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), PCBs, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAAs), and select metals.” Bisphenol A, as well as benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters (BP-type filters or sunscreens) and phthalates are nonpersistent chemicals.
3. According to a review article published in Fertility and Sterility, “[t]he relation between EDCs and endometriosis is plausible in light of the multitude of biologic actions found for EDCs, including their ability to alter hormone synthesis, modulate receptors, or act as agonists or antagonists.”
4. According to a review article published in Fertility and Sterility, “[t]he toxicity of EDCs for reproductive tract organs has been previously reviewed for endometriosis. A number of EDCs bind to and activate estrogen receptor α and exhibit dose-dependent agonist/antagonist effects on estrogen receptor signaling, which are required for angiogenic signaling and inflammatory signaling in the development of endometriosis-like lesions.”
5. According to a review article published in Fertility and Sterility, “[a]lthough evidence supports a possible relation between many classes of EDCs and an endometriosis diagnosis, we are unaware of any evidence supporting a risk for bisphenol A or PBDEs. This observation may reflect the lack of attention to these compounds relative to other classes of chemicals.”
For complete information, see:
Smarr MM, Kannan K, Buck Louis G. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2016;106(4):959-966.